• Tourists all out for 99 and forced to follow on

• Batters left to conduct desperate rearguard on last day

There it was, another entry in Australia’s hall of infamy against South Africa. There was 47 all out, in the innocent days when the 2011 Test was the worst humiliation in Cape Town. There was 85 all out in Hobart, 2016, that led to half the side being sacked. Now there is 99 all out in Gqeberha, one day after the home team blew past 400, only for the visitors to follow on halfway through day four. At 156 for four, still 170 behind, Australia could yet save the second Test on its final day, but another batting failure has left the door wide open to defeat, and the table laden with defeat’s favourite snacks.

When Nic Maddinson’s first innings lasted four balls on the third evening, nobody would have predicted that his second innings would be done an hour after lunch the next day. Between times, nine other Australian wickets fell in 38.3 overs. Marco Jansen and Kagiso Rabada bowled spells of ferocity, cranking up the speed gun while beating edges with the ball pitched up, and peppering batters when it wasn’t.

As well as they bowled, though, their best was not always required, with some dismal Australian decisions giving wickets away. Not Scott Boland, the nightwatch, who nicked one early, or Travis Head lbw to a ball angling in from the left-armer, nor later could you place much blame on Matthew Renshaw, who got a ball that reared to take the shoulder of a defensive bat.

But Alex Carey and Beau Webster both played senseless punches off the back foot to rising balls, nicking them to round out Jansen’s five for 33. Mitchell Starc did the same for Rabada’s second. Marnus Labuschagne got in a footwork tangle and tipped towards the off side, edging Anrich Nortje to set up Simon Harmer’s sizzling slip catch. Pat Cummins slogged to the deep, having given up.

Steve Smith hung in for 28, becoming the dozenth player to pass 11,000 Test runs, though he looked awful in the process. It transpired that this was related to a neck problem, making it difficult to turn his head, and when he was eventually bowled by Wiaan Mulder’s nip-backer, he was as far away from hitting a ball as he’s ever been in his life.

With South Africa’s lead at 326, and a session and a half to go, they had the option to bat for a couple of hours to buffer the lead before bowling late, or to go straight into a new bowling innings. Even with Nortje out with a groin strain, having bowled just 3.3 overs, Bavuma asked his bowlers to go again. Maddinson lasted 10 balls this time, with two fours, before rewarding Bavuma’s call, the batter’s back foot creeping away from Rabada’s line while his hands dangled the bat out for a nick.

The Maddinson selection continues to be the nightmare that it promised to be. No doubt we will be told he was unlucky: to face one over from Rabada in the gloom, to face Rabada again with his tail up. This is not luck: this is simply the job that a Test opener is picked to do, facing the best bowlers in their freshest state with the newest ball in the most difficult conditions. This is why you don’t give that job to players whose last good streak in first-class cricket was closer to three years ago than to two.

For a time, Head and Labuschagne looked like they had the blessing of some roadside saint to take Australia to safety, Head flashing edges past cordon catchers, Labuschagne hitting short leg twice before overturning an upheld lbw that was missing leg stump by a Rizla. They passed the team’s first-innings score for the loss of one, not 10. But while Labuschagne beat his recent bogey of 37, he fell at 39, discomfort against Harmer’s spin leading to an attempted launch over leg. With so little to gain, he gave up a catch in the deep.

From 100 for two, more South African rewards came: with Smith absent injured, the key man, Renshaw, was bowled for 11, leaving Rabada’s ball that decked in sharply from around the wicket. Harmer also went around the wicket to the promoted Webster, straightening an off-break to trap him for eight. Incongruously, Boland was next, asked to perform nightwatch duties for the second time in the same day.

Still 170 behind, any last-day rescue must be undertaken by the sore Smith, the keeper Carey, and by Head resuming on 87. His 50 average as an opener is split markedly between 33 in his first innings and currently over 70 in his second. Where Cummins has spoken recently about batting orders changing by innings, Head provides the strongest argument for trying it. If he’s not able to save the day with a little help from his friends, something about this batting order will have to change for good.